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Probably not. That was the state of the law, and good police work in the '60s. One of the little ironies of the came, he was read his rights by a police officer whose last name was Bueno. And he read them in Spanish, because the man who killed Ernesto Miranda only spoke Spanish. So his rights were read to him in Spanish, who responded to him, "I don't have to talk to you. And he left. He left the police station, four or five hours after the arrest, has never been seen since.
Gary Stuart, the author of the story of America's right to remain silent from Miranda. Just absolutely -- I have always found this case interesting, and the fact it's based here in adds, thank you so much for joining us. Thanks for bringing me here.. He's the author of the influential book "The Selfish Gene. It's a scientific hypothesis which doesn't have any evidence in favor of it.
And rather a lot of evidence, I think, against it. That's the first half of the book. And then the second half of the book is that the very existence of religion in the world is on balance a force for evil rather than a force for good.
You're talking about religious fundamentalism, was that one of the reasons why you felt compelled to write the book? I think I'd give higher priority to the scientific issue. Because I - unlike some of my scientific colleagues, I do think it is a scientific issue, whether there is a great spirit, a great intellect behind the universe. It seems to be very interesting scientific question. So that is my first priority. However, the timing of the book, you could say yes, there does seem to be a resurgence of religious influence in the world.
Not only in America, but in the Middle East as well. And that did rather prompt me to think it was a good thing to do. So I was thinking this is a step in that direction. I think that there is a -- may actually be a bit of a myth about America, that America is supremely religious country.
It certainly appears so. All presidential candidates in America have to talk about God in every speech. Otherwise, they don't get elected, and they dare mention they're Atheists, which some of them must be, because it don't make any sense that in a population of people of intelligence and education, that literally none of them in Congress, say, would be Atheists. Of course they are. So to that extent, it probably is true that America is a very religious country in the sense that everybody thinks it is.
But I believe that there's a tremendous groundswell of nonreligious opinions in America, but none of them know that the others exist. So they need to come out. They need to break out. Rather as the Gay community did in 20 or 30 years ago, Atheists need to come out and show people that they're ordinary, decent, nice people, good people, just like everybody else.
And how it seems to be perfect for life, it seems to be perfect to do the things that we do? How is it that it evolved to such a state?
And that, we now understand, that used to be, that always used to be thought of as an argument for the existence of a God. Ever since and the publication of Darwin's "Origin of Species", we've known that's not true.
So, the really big argument for a God as a designer was destroyed by darwin. Now we're left with a possible physicist argument, what produced the Universe in the first place? Why are the physical constants, the constants of the Universe, so apparently beautifully set up to give rise to life? It has been argued by physicists, among them, Paul Davis, that if any of those constants were slightly different, then we wouldn't have the Universe as we know it, and we wouldn't have life.
Some people see that as an argument for a designer. I emphatically don't, because you haven't explained anything. If it's difficult enough to explain how those physical constants came into being, it's even harder to explain how something as complicated as a designer could come into being.
So what we're looking for is the physical -- the physicist's equivalent of a Darwin. Biology has its Darwin, and Biology is now essentially explained.
Physics hasn't had its Darwin yet. So we have a gap in our understanding. But for a scientist, a gap is a challenge. It's something we're trying to break into, trying to understand. And so, I believe that those questions that we don't yet understand, many of them will be answered, including, perhaps, the origin of the physical constance.
Even if they're not, however, even if they're there are some questions in Physics that we shall never know the answer to, it emphatically doesn't mean because scientists don't know the answer, theologians do. They're saying, this is my religion, this is what I believe, this is your theory, this is what you believe.
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